openpast tank man

Photo Credits • 圖像

The images used below are copyrighted images. The copyright for it is most likely held by the person who created the image or the agency employing the person.

We believe the use of these images may qualify as fair use under United States copyright law:
1) Each image is an unique historic image;
2) The use is in low-resolution;
3) The use is critical to the subject of discussion.

Beijing students turn out in huge numbers in protest against the April 26 editorial 端木壯　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Public pay tribute to Hu Yaobang. 端木壯　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Deng Xiaoping and Zhao Ziyang, right, pay their last respects to Hu Yaobang. 劉建國　新華社/Xinhua
Memorials for Hu Yaobang would eventually evolve into massive anti-corruption, pro-democracy demonstrations. 亞洲週刊/Yaozhou Zhoukan
Hu Yaobang's death brought forth an outpouring of public discontent. Student leader Wang Dan can be seen on the left. 端木壯　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
The Monument to the People's Heroes turned into a public memorial for Hu Yaobang. 端木壯　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Students copy poems and prose lamenting Hu Yaobang's death. K&W圖片社
Students and soldiers standoff at Xinhua Gate. Protesters are demanding dialogue with Premier Li Peng. K&W圖片社
Police and soldiers set up cordons as crowds swell outside the Great Hall of the People. K&W圖片社
Journalists speak out against censorship in the coverage of Hu Yaobang's legacy. 譚智成　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Beijing students turn out in huge numbers for May Fourth. 端木壯　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Journalists speak out for the right to speak. K&W圖片社
Yuan Mu said the government will not meet with AFS, which it considers illegal. 鄭逸宇
Students rally around a portrait of Sun Yat-sen, the father of modern China. K&W圖片社
Students raise a banner of AFS in defiance of official warning, which considers the independent student organisation illegal. K&W圖片社
School libraries sit virtually empty as students stage a class boycott. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Scores of students have fainted as the hunger strike continues into the sixth day. 冀格理　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
On the 70th anniversary of the May Fourth Movement, renewed demands for democracy. K&W圖片社
Students wear headbands with demands for democracy and freedom. K&W圖片社
Peking University, the birthplace of the May Fourth Movement, is once again the cradle of student activism in China. 端木壯　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Corruption and nepotism have eroded public trust. Here, a protester raises a banner calling for government integrity. K&W圖片社
Protests take a radical turn as students stage a hunger strike to demand dialogue with the government. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Students organise donation drives for the movement. 冀格理　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Protests reach fever pitch with the May hunger strike. K&W圖片社
A man waves a banner in support of hunger strikers in Tiananmen Square. 冀格理　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Fasting students begin to collapse, but there's still no sign of government offer of dialogue. 冀格理　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
A man displays his will as fasting continues in Tiananmen Square. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
The hunger strike will soon grow to include some 3,000 students. K&W圖片社
武基國　新華社/Xinhua
The students' hunger strike touches a chord with the general public. Here, even judges turn up in support 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊
Students continue to occupy Tiananmen Square during Gorbachev's visit. 弗列．斯科特
Beijing workers's vocal support for the student movement alarms leaders in Zhongnanhai. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊
Students stand their ground despite fatigue and weakness from days of fasting. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Chang'an Boulevard teems with demonstrators marching to Tiananmen Square to support hunger strikers. 弗列．斯科特
What was to be a historic meeting between old foes has been overshadowed by the events in Tiananmen Square. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊
Students welcome Gorbachev, a symbol of reform, with banners written in Russian. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊
Army trucks try to reach central Beijing, but ordinary citizens form human shields to block their advance. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Security presence intensifies at Zhongnanhai with the declaration of martial law 冀格理　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Students plead for the retreat of the People's Liberation Army. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Students and citizens manage to persuade some officers from the People's Armed Police, here flashing the peace sign. K&W圖片社
Students erect the Goddess of Democracy statue, a symbol of the movement. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Student leaders: (from left) Chai Ling, Wuer Kaixi and Wang Dan. 亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
June 2nd, some crowds encircle approaching armies with human shields; some offer the soldiers food. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
A million people demonstrate in Hong Kong against the declaration of martial law in Beijing 馮兆光
Taiwanese people take to the streets to support the student movement. 陳中雄　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Macau residents brave a typhoon to protest the military response to the student movement. 曼紐爾．卡多索
Hong Kong's Woodstock-style concert raises HKD$12 million for the student movement. 于鳳嫻　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Civilians block the advance of military tanks and armoured cars on Chang'an Boulevard. 亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Soldiers advance from the Great Hall of the People, pointing their rifles at students at the Monument to the People's Heroes. 今枝弘一
Soldiers order the withdrawal of students from Tiananmen Square. 今枝弘一
Angry crowds set fire to an armoured truck on Chang'an Boulevard. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
A person ran over by an armoured truck lay dead on the street. 美聯社/The Associated Press
An unrecognisable lump of flesh is all that remains after someone was ran over by a tank. 亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Students rush the injured to hospital. K&W圖片社
At dawn, a tense standoff between the military and the people near Tiananmen Square. 今枝弘一
Crowds rush the injured to hospital after soldiers opened fire at civilians near Tiananmen. 弗列．斯科特
Angry crowds confront the military with rocks and bottles on Chang'an Boulevard. Troops open fire. 弗列．斯科特
The charred remains of a soldier killed near Liubukou. 今枝弘一
Crowds set a soldier on fire over the over the Chongwenmen overpass. 今枝弘一
Crowds show off dozens of bullet casings. 今枝弘一
Troops stand guard near the Great Hall of the People on June 4th. 鍾瓊華　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
Jiang Zemin confirmed as General Secretary at the Fourth Plenum of the 13th Central Committee. 新華社/Xinhua
Crowds watch a TV broadcast for wanted students. 洛蘭特．柴伯曼　亞洲週刊/Yazhou Zhoukan
An unknown man stops a column of tanks on Chang'an Boulevard Stuart Franklin, Magnum
An unknown man stops a column of tanks on Chang'an Boulevard Jeff Widener, Associated Press

References • 參照

We used these books as references when creating this site.

We will be updating this list to give better linkages to individual references.

amnesty international
China: Tiananmen Anniversary; 1 June 2007, China: Tiananmen Anniversary; 1 June 2007
beijing spring 1989
pg. 22, pg. 22, pg. 23, p. 23, 24, p. 24, p. 28
beyond tiananmen: the politics of u.s.-china relations, 1989-2000
pg 29, pg 29, pg 29, 30, p. 30, p. 31, p. 35, 36, p. 35, p. 36, p. 46-47, p. 50, p. 57
Bob Keller, 19/5/1989, the new york times
china news service
cries for democracy
p. 84, 85, p. 84, 85, p. 91
Nicholas Kristof, 20 May 1989, the new york times
Nicolas Kristof, 16 May 1989, the new york times
the new york times
Sheryl Wu Dunn, 31 May 1989, Sheryl Wu Dunn, 31 May 1989, Nicholars Kristof, 21 June 1989
the power of tiananmen
p. 156, p. 156, p. 159
the tiananmen papers
pg 25, pg 25, pg 26, pg 32, pg. 30, p.37, p. 37, p. 30, p. 30, 31, p. 38, p. 39, p. 41, p. 41, 44, p. 42, p. 47, p. 43, p. 49, p. 50, p. 51, p. 53, p. 54, p. 64, 65, p. 71-73, p. 74, p. 75, 76, p. 76, p. 76, p. 81, p. 83, p. 96, pg. 91-95, p. 101, p. 102-108, p. 109, p. 110, p. 111, p. 112, p. 113, p. 114, p. 115, p. 125, p. 126-129, p. 130, p. 138, p. 144, p. 144-145, p. 153, p. 156, p. 156-157, p. 157, p. 147-150, p. 158, p. 158-159, p. 159-160, 161-162, p. 162-163, p. 164-165, p. 165-166, p. 166, 168-169, p. 371, p. 171, p. 170-171, p. 172, p. 173, p. 174, p. 176-177, p. 176, 177-181, p. 181-182, p. 184-190, p. 191-193, p. 194, p. 197-198, p. 199, p. 200-201, p. 202-203, p. 204-210, p. 214-216, 222, p. 217, p. 211, p. 222, p. 233-234, p. 224, p. 233, p. 239-242, p. 253-254, p. 256-264, p. 266, p. 265, 266, p. 255, p. 272, p. 273, p. 284, p. 279-282, p. 282-283, p. 267, 295, p. 286, p. 288-289, p. 223, 263, 267, 291, p. 293, p. 298, p. 305-306, p. 309-314, 315, p. 315-316, p. 320, p. 329, p. 331-348, p. 354-362, p. 362-363, p. 366, p. 367, p. 370, p. 371, p. 372, p. 372-375, p. 375, p. 377, p. 378, p. 379, p. 380, p. 381-382, p. 382, p. 384, p. 383-384, p. 387, p. 449, p. 437-438, p. 436-437, p. 97
tiananmen square, 1989: the declassified history. a national security archive electronic briefing book
Cable, From: U.S. Embassy Beijing, To: Department of State, Wash DC, What Happened on the Night of June 3/4?, Cable, From: U.S. Embassy Beijing, To: Department of State, Wash DC, What Happened on the Night of June 3/4?, Secretary of State's Morning Summary for June 4, 1989
time 100: the unknown rebel
Pico Iye; 13 April 1998, Pico Iye; 13 April 1998
中國六四真相
pg 112, pg 112, pg 118, pg 119, pg 120, pg 121, pg 122, pg 123, pg 124, pg 125, p. 243, p. 245, p. 277-280, p. 287, 288, p. 287, 288, 289, p. 316, p. 325, p. 339-340, p. 351-352, p. 386, p. 397-400, p. 400-401, p. 408, p. 519-520, p. 703, p. 779-781, p. 772, p. 796, p. 798
北京學生運動50日
pg 10, pg 10, pg 12, pg 13, p. 17, p. 23, p. 24, p.24, p. 28, p. 46-48, p. 62-63, p. 76-82, p. 82-87, p. 108, p. 111-112, p. 172, p. 173, p. 173-174, p. 174
悲壯的民運
pg 10, pg 10, pg 11, pg 13, p. 18, p. 19, p.22, p. 22, p. 24, p. 26, p. 29, p. 34, p. 33, p. 35, p. 39, p. 40, p. 49, p. 53, p. 76, p. 85, p. 90, p. 89, p. 92, p. 95, p. 98, p. 101, p. 102, p. 104, p. 109, p. 110-111, p. 115-116, p. 118, p. 134
歷史的大爆炸
p. 119, p. 119, p. 120-122, p. 126, p. 131, 132, p. 134, 135, p. 135, 136, p. 136-143, p. 143, p. 145, p. 149-150, p. 151, p. 154, p. 155, p. 156, p. 156-157, p. 157, 169-170, p. 170, p. 171, p. 173-175, p. 175, p. 189, p. 179-180, p. 190, p. 195-196, p. 197-198, p. 209-210, p. 211-214, p. 215-220, p. 237, p. 250-251, p. 270, p. 279, p. 271-272, p. 280-281, p. 286, p. 286-287, p. 289, p. 290-291, p. 291-292, p. 303-304, p. 307-308, p. 318-322, p. 332, p. 340, p. 343, p. 374

Interactive Narrative • 互動記敘

An interactive narrative that documents June Fourth Movement in details.
以互動形式記敘六四運動的詳細經過。

Chronology • 時間表

A brief history of the June Fourth Movement.
簡略記敘六四運動的經過。

About Us • 關於我們

Our goals and our team
我們的目標和合作人員。

References • 參考資料

Bibliography, photo credits, and others
參考書目，照片來源，其他事項。